Мостовой кран Установка On-Site: Step by Step
An overhead crane performs only as well as its installation. A QD double-girder crane rated 5–150T, an LD single-girder единица at 0.5–20T, or a YZ metallurgical crane at 5–125T all depend on one thing before the first lift: the runway must be true, the bridge must be square, and the load test must be documented. This guide walks through the four phases every buyer should plan for — runway, erection, commissioning, and load testing — with the practical tolerances and checks that separate a smooth handover from a costly rework.
Phase 1: Runway and Civil Works
The runway is the foundation of the entire crane system. Errors here cannot be corrected later by adjusting the crane itself.
- Rail alignment: Center-to-center span tolerance is обычно ±10 mm for spans under 20 m. Rail straightness should be within 1 mm per 2 m of length.
- Elevation: Both rails must sit within ±10 mm of each other along the full runway length. A laser level survey is standard practice before erection begins.
- Rail joints: Staggered joints, filed smooth, with expansion gaps sized for local temperature range — critical for outdoor gantry and RMG container cranes.
- End stops and buffers: Verify anchor bolt positions against the crane's actual wheelbase drawing, not a generic layout.
- Structural anchors: For QD cranes at 50T and above, confirm runway beam deflection limits against GB/T 3811 or the requested FEM 1.001 / DIN 15018 / CMAA #70 standard.
For KBK light rail systems and BZD pillar jib cranes, runway demands are lighter but still require level, rigid mounting surfaces — wall-mounted BX jibs especially depend on the building column's load capacity being verified by a structural engineer.
Phase 2: Кран Erection
Bridge and Girder Assembly
For a single-girder LD crane, the bridge обычно arrives assembled or in two sections for smaller spans. Double-girder QD and LH cranes ship in sections and are bolted on-site. Torque all high-strength bolts to the values in the supplied drawing — usually M20–M24 grade 10.9 for main connections.
Check bridge diagonal measurements before tightening: the two diagonals of the bridge frame should match within 5 mm. This controls skew and prevents uneven wheel loading.
Hoist and Trolley Placement
Lift the trolley onto the girder using the designated lifting lugs. For MD/CD electric hoists and DHP electric chain hoists on smaller cranes, the trolley is often pre-mounted. For 50T+ QD cranes, the main and auxiliary trolleys are separate lifts — sequence them per the erection drawing to avoid overloading one girder.
Wheel and End Carriage Fit
Verify wheel-to-rail contact: all wheels should touch the rail with no more than 1 mm gap. Shim the end carriage if needed. For RMG rail-mounted container cranes, this step also includes aligning the rail clamp and anti-skew systems.
Phase 3: Электрический and Commissioning
Chunhua cranes use Schneider, Siemens, ABB, or SEW components depending on configuration. Commissioning should follow the supplied schematic and include:
- Power supply check: Confirm voltage and phase against nameplate — common export configurations are 380V/50Hz, 415V/50Hz, 440V/60Hz, and 220V/60Hz.
- Festoon or cable reeling: Verify travel limits and cable slack across the full runway length.
- Limit switches: Test hoist upper/lower limits, trolley travel limits, and bridge travel limits individually before linking to the control system.
- Brake adjustment: Check hoist brake gap and holding torque. For YZ metallurgical cranes, brake settings must match the duty cycle — обычно M5–M8.
- Smart/unmanned functions: For QDS smart unmanned cranes, complete the PLC and positioning calibration before any load is applied.
Run the crane unloaded through its full travel envelope at least three times. Listen for binding, watch for skew, and confirm the pendant or radio control responds without delay.
Phase 4: Load Testing
Load testing is the formal proof of the installation. Follow this sequence:
- Static test at 125%: Lift 125% of rated capacity (e.g., 12.5T for a 10T crane) just clear of the ground and hold for 10 minutes. Check for permanent deformation, brake slip, and structural stress.
- Dynamic test at 110%: Operate hoist, trolley, and bridge travel through full cycles at 110% rated load. Verify braking distance and control response.
- Deflection measurement: For QD and LH cranes, measure mid-span deflection under rated load — обычно L/800 to L/1000 depending on the design standard.
- Documentation: Record test weights, dates, results, and inspector signatures. This certificate is often required for CE, EAC (TR CU 010/020), GCC/SASO, SONCAP, or KEBS compliance.
Practical Buyer Advice
Plan 5–10 days for installation of a standard LD or LH crane, and 2–4 weeks for a large QD, YZ, or RMG system. Chunhua Кран ships with erection drawings, wiring schematics, and component manuals; production runs 30–45 days with a 12-month warranty and no MOQ. For site-specific questions before delivery — runway tolerances, foundation loads, or control voltage — contact the team via WhatsApp +86 193 9277 7259 or email yuhua0095@gmail.com for a quote within 4 hours.